城市土地生态适宜性分区划分研究——以常州市武进区为例

ZONING DIVISION RESEARCH OF URBAN LAND ECOLOGICAL SUITABILITY——A CASE STUDY OF WUJIN DISTRICT,CHANGZHOU CITY

在新型城镇化与生态文明建设背景下,城市发展迫切需要合理布局以实现城市土地的节约集约利用,降低城市化过程中因建设用地肆意蔓延所导致的土地资源浪费与生态环境破坏影响。以常州市武进区为例,采用地形地貌、生态环境、交通设施、建设密度4类因子建立景观过程阻力赋值体系,结合GIS空间分析技术,以垂直生态过程的多因素多因子综合判别得到的生态保护用地扩张和城镇用地扩张阻力基面为基础,再以描述水平生态过程的最小累积阻力模型计算两种扩张过程的最小累积阻力值,并依据二者的最小累积阻力差值表面,从空间上将武进区划分为4个等级的城市土地生态适宜性分区,分别为优先建设区118.39km2、适宜建设区233.60km2、生态缓冲区777.91km2、生态控制区115.90km2,明确指出了各分区的空间布局,提出了相应的发展建议,以期为武进区未来城市发展提供科学合理的空间布局参考。同时考虑了垂直生态过程和水平生态过程,一定程度上弥补了传统方法只从景观单元垂直过程研究的不足之处,为生态适宜性分区划分的方法研究提供了有益的尝试和补充。

Under the background of the new urbanization and ecological civilization construction,urban development is an urgent need to layout properly to achieve the economical and intensive use of urban space,reducing the impact of the waste of land resources and ecological destruction due to disorderly expansion of construction land in the process of urbanization.In this paper,the area of Wujin District,Changzhou City was taken as an example to conduct a case study.A system of resistance assignment was established from four aspects including landforms and landscape conditions,ecological environment quality,transport facilities layout,and building density.To consider the vertical ecological processes,we used spatial analysis to obtain the resistance datum of the ecological protection land expansion and urban land expansion based on the integrated multi-factor multivariate discriminant model,and then with a minimum cumulative resistance model adopted respectively to describe the ecological sustainability of the horizontal ecological processes.Then,based on the minimum cumulative resistance difference threshold between the two expansion process surface,the urban land ecological suitability of Wujin District was classified into four zones as ecological control zone,ecological buffer zone,suitable construction zone,priority construction zone with areas of 115.90 km^2,777.91 km^2,233.60 km^2,and 118.39 km^2,respectively.We demonstrated the spatial layout of the four partitions,and proposed corresponding development strategies.Priority construction zone could priority as urbanization development areas,in order to achieve the highest efficiency in the use of land;suitable construction zone could be a supplement to the priority construction zone,while playing back-up resources by focusing on the development potential of land consolidation area;ecological buffer zone should be maintained rivers,woodlands and other highquality agricultural and ecological landscape types,so as to play a role of important ecological functions;ecological control zone should control the urbanization construction and development activities,maintaining and controlling the ecological security baseline of Wujin District.All these suggestions provide scientific and rational spatial layout reference for future urban development in Wujin District.The traditional methods normally only considered a single one from the ecological sustainability of the horizontal process or vertical ecological process,the integrated method developed in this study offers beneficial attempt and supplement for division of urban land ecological suitability zoning.