法教义学的话语反思与批判

Linguistic Reflection and Criticism of Legal Dogmatics

在中国兴起和推动法教义学的发展,对于法学研究者保存自身应有的学术独立地位,以学术独立攫取政治话语权,可能会产生不可替代的独特作用。然而,法教义学从现行体制下的制定法出发,以维护、辩护甚至信仰制定法逻辑的立场和方法论,试图复兴法律在社会生活中的规范权威。为了摆脱政治话语的纠缠,法教义学不惜牺牲对自身教义来源及其政治后果的深度检讨,将法治简化为一种法的逻辑与解释的艺术。从政治哲学角度观察,这不仅可能误解和忽略了政治体制的实质,同样会误解当前中国一些基本的政治和社会事实。政治体制作为一种程序、技术,并不必然具备促成权力意志向"善"的能力,也因此不能保证法教义学教义来源的血统"纯正性"。另外,法教义学在构建自身逻辑图景的过程中,虽然提升了法的独立性、科学性,但却不自觉地将"理论掌握群众"的批判武器轻飘飘地放弃了,法教义学对自身羽毛纯洁度的苛刻要求,可能使制定法恣意地突破社会所能容忍的事实底线。要知道,脱离"社会事实"对法自身所构成的信仰危机比忽略政治本质的危险更加危险。

Promoting the development of legal dogmatics in China may has an irreplaceable role in helping the legal researchers to keep themselves independent academic status by which they can seize the political discourse power. Basing on the current statutes,legal dogmatics tries to revive the normative authority of law in social life with the standpoint and methodology of maintenance,defense,even belief in the current statute logic. Moreover,in order to get rid of the entanglement of political terms,legal dogmatics simplifies the rule of law as an art of logic and interpretation at the expense of failing to deeply consider the source and political consequence of dogmatics. From the perspective of political philosophy,this leads to not only the misunderstanding and neglection of the essence of political system,but also the misunderstanding of some basic political and social facts in current China. As a kind of procedure and technology,the political system does not necessarily have the ability to promote the power to be 'good',and therefore can not guarantee the purity of the source of legal dogmatics.Though legal dogmatics strengthens the independence and scientificalness in the progress of building its logic,the critical weapon of 'theory dominate masses'has been unconsciously rashly abandoned.Legal dogmatics setting too high standards for its purity may lead statutes arbitrarily to break the bottom line of facts that society can tolerance. The crisis of legal belief caused by departing from social facts is more dangerous than neglecting the nature of politics.