审判风险与法院调解

The Risk In Trail and Court Mediation

纠纷解决方式的选择面临着风险或成本评估。在大陆法系与英美法系,纠纷解决方式的选择是当事人在评估,我国却是法官在评估。调解这种纠纷解决方式被认为是"正义被打折"。而这种"打折"因评估主体的不同而导致了该被打折的正义的流向不同。在我国,这部分被打折的正义很大程度上是为法官面临的审判风险买单。随着新民诉法的颁布以及加强合议庭责任的司法改革动向的出台,法官选择调解与判决所面临的风险趋于平衡,但审判风险在今后仍然会存在。因此法官仍会把内外部风险通过程序规则向当事人转嫁,因而重新考虑法官与当事人在民事审判中的权力分配,提高当事人在民事审判中的地位具有重要意义。司法改革的方向也应该将对法官的种种内外部监督机制逐步向"诉权制约审判权"的方向转化。

The choice of form for dispute resolution is faced with risk and cost evaluation. In China,judges evaluate the costs while it is the parties who evaluate costs in choosing form of dispute resolution in continental and common law system. Mediation may lead to 'incomplete justice '. The direction where the disappeared justice goes depends on who evaluates the costs. The disappeared justice greatly offset the risk which judges encounter in the trial process. With the new civil procedural law issued and the judicial reform policy reinforcing the responsibility of collegiate bench enacted,the risk between the mediation and trial nearly balanced,but the risk of trial continues to exist in the future. So the judge will transfer the risk he encounters to the parities by procedure rules,and that's why it's of great significance to reconsider the power allocation of judges and parties,and raise the status of parties in civil trial. The interior or exterior supervision system for judges should be transferred to litigation rights restricting judicial power system in judicial reform.