“黎平3号”油茶良种选育初报

Primary Report on Selection of “Li ping 3” Camellia meiocarpa

自2008年起对贵州省油茶重点分布区开展了油茶选择育种工作,按照优良单株的选择程序和标准,从贵州省黎平县10-30年的小果油茶人工林中进行普选,从中选出290个优良单株,复选出80个优株,决选出57个优良单株。同时采用"3+4=5"的策略,优株初选后的第2年进行嫁接繁殖并定植在黎平县油茶种质资源收集圃中,通过大树换冠方式营建测定林,观测从57个优株中决选出的"黎平3号"油茶优良品种。在"黎平3号"油茶嫁接3年后,其平均单位面积冠幅产量可达1.05 kg/m2,盛产期每公顷产鲜果7 353.75 kg,平均鲜出籽率和干籽率分别为62.89%和36.48%,种仁含油率为26.1%,是油用、高产、抗病的贵州油茶良种。

According to the procedures and standards for universal suffrage, the selection and breeding of the ofCamellia oleifera has been conducted in some important distribution areas of Camellia meiocarpa in Guizhou Prov-ince since 2008. 57 superior individuals was selected after primary selection of 290 individuals and secondary se-lection of 80 individuals from 10 to 30 years of small fruit of Camellia plantation in Liping County. After 3 yearsgrafting, this research found that the single area yield and yielding ability of the ＂Li ping No. 3＂ were better thanordinary Camellia oleifera, and it was an excellent breed of the improved varietie. The yield of average per unit ar-ea was up to 1.05 kg/mz, the per hectare yield of fresh fruit was 7 353.75 kg, the average fresh seed yield anddry seed rates were 62. 89 % and 36. 48 % , the content of seeds oil was 26. 1%. The improved varieties could beextended to other parts of Guizhou because of its high yield with disease resistance.