英国近现代大学精神的创新

Modern Innovation of University Spirit in UK

近现代以来,英国大学迫于内外部各种压力,经历了一系列变革,如办学理念从自由教育传统到技术教育与专业教育兼顾;培养目标从最初纯粹的社会精英到具有创业精神的企业家;教育对象从面向少数上层阶级子女到所有有能力接受高等教育的人;课程设置从最初局限于古典人文学科到自然科学与人文社会科学并重等。这些变化被认为既是高等教育现代化的结果,也是英国大学精神的创新,但英国传统的大学精神并没有被完全取代或抛弃。英国大学遵循"渐进式"变革的原则,既反映了它的保守主义传统,也体现了它的与时俱进精神。

British universities have gone through a series of changes in modern times, owing to vari- ous internal and external pressure. For example, the educational concept changed from traditional liber- al education to technical education and professional education; the objective from developing the elite to developing entrepreneurs~ education recipients from a few upper class children to all people capable of receiving higher education; and the curriculum from classical humanities only to equal attention to natu- ral sciences and humanities and social sciences. These changes are considered not only a result of the modernization of higher education, but also an innovation of the British university spirit. However, the traditional British university spirit has not been completely replaced or abandoned. British universities follow the principle of ＂gradual＂ changes, which reflects both the conservative tradition of the universi- ties and the spirit of keeping pace with the times.