家庭社会经济地位、家长同辈群体压力与城镇小学生补习——基于北京市海淀区小学调查

SES,Peer Pressure on Parents,and Private Tutoring of Primary Students in Beijing: Evidence from a Survey in Haidian District

补习是全世界普遍存在的现象,尤其在东亚国家和地区更为普遍。补习现象治理的基础之一是充分理解家长及其子女选择补习的内在机制。本文以北京市海淀区小学的抽样调查数据为基础,研究发现:补习是城镇小学生的必需品而非奢侈品,69.6%的小学生参与补习;小学阶段的补习主要为培优型。社会经济地位越高的家庭,其子女参与补习的可能性越大。在家长普遍高教育期待的背景下,教育期待对于小学生的补习选择没有产生影响;而家长的同辈群体压力却显著影响了其子女的补习选择。家长同辈群体压力的显著性一方面说明家长在子女的补习选择中可能并非完全理性,另一方面说明非正式的家长网络对家长影响的有效性。

Private tutoring is common worldwide, especially in East Asian countries. Based on a survey on private tutoring of third- and fourth-grade students in Haidian District, Beijing, this paper finds evidence that private tutoring is a necessity for primary school students in urban areas. Of all student and family background characteristics, gender, household income, and mother＇s education （as well as student achievement） were associated with private tutoring. In the context of urban China, edu- cational expectation has no significant effect on private tutoring, but peer pressure on parents from their soeia networks push parents to have their children receive private tutoring.