萨特和波伏瓦“他者”理论之分殊

The Difference of Sartre and Beauvoir' the Other Theory

"他者"理论是萨特和波伏瓦存在主义哲学的一个重要主题,虽然萨特和波伏瓦有许多大致相同的哲学思想资源,如黑格尔的主奴辩证法,但是波伏瓦并没有受萨特将主奴辩证法视为争夺至高权的斗争的影响,她更加看重自我与他者关系中潜在的相互性。他人既然是不可避免的,他者就是我的情境中的一部分,因而我的自由是情境中的自由,自由并不是萨特所说的是绝对的唯意志自由概念。萨特对"他者"状况的描述,使他似乎未给规范伦理学预留什么位置,从而走上了本体论和现象学研究的道路,波伏瓦则更加关注自由的道德层面,"他者"理论的分殊迥异由此而展开。

The other theory is an important theme in Sartre and Beauvoir existentialist philosophy. Sartre and Beauvoir have many same philosophy resources, such as Hegel＇s Master-Slave dialectic. But Beauvoir was not affected by Sartre regarding Master-Slave dialectic as a fight to high in the struggle. She is more emphasis on the potential of self and others. In Beauvoir＇s view, since the other is inevitable, therefore the other＇s freedom is in my situation. And Sartre said it is an absolute voluntaristic freedom. Sartre＇s description makes him not given the position of normative ethics, thus he took the road of ontology and phenomenology research. Beauvoir is more concerned about moral freedom. The difference of Sartre and Beauvoir＇s the other theory developed from this.