试论忽必烈、杨琏真加与江南佛教

Discussion on Kublai Khan,Yang Lian-zhen-jia and Southern Buddhism

忽必烈经略江南佛教有明显的政治意图。通过设立地方僧官系统对江南佛教实施系统管理,任用僧人杨琏真加废毁故宋宫室陵墓以建梵刹,实现畅国威、隆国势之目的;压制作为江南社会思想文化之重要代表的禅宗,利用江南禅教寺院归属之争,易禅为教;通过杨琏真加主导的禅教廷辩使得教冠於禅;设置江南御讲三十六所,扶植教门,压制禅宗。尊教抑禅使江南禅宗地位下降,发展受到抑制,元初禅宗出现衰落气象,扶植了佛教其他宗派在江南社会的力量。

Kublai＇s management over southern Buddhism had obvious political intention.First,he conducted systematic management over southern Buddhism by setting up the system of local administrators of the Sangha and appointed monk Yang Lian-zhen-jia to destroy the ancient palace of Song Dynasty for building Buddhist temple and achieving the purpose of improving national prestige.Second,he repressed Zen,an important representative of southern social thought and culture,changed Zen into Buddhism by using the fight against the belonging of southern Zen temple,made Buddhism superior to Zen through ZenBuddhism court debate led by Yang Lian-zhen-jia,set up 36 southern imperial lecture rooms to support Buddhism and repress Zen.The action of respecting religious sects and repressing Zen reduced the status of southern Zen and restrained its development.At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty,it declined and the power of other sects in the southern society was supported.