中国外商直接投资区位分布的时空格局演变

Evolution of Spatiotemporal Patterns of China's Foreign Direct Investment Regional Distribution

以实际利用外商直接投资额为主要指标,基于省域空间单元,采用地理集中度指数、泰尔指数和传统与空间的马尔可夫链相结合的分析方法,从时间、空间和地理空间性视角来探析1985-2013年期间中国30个省域外商直接投资区位分布的动态时空演变过程、格局与特征。研究结果表明:中国外商直接投资区位分布呈现高度集中向渐进式扩散转移的趋势,并呈现出高水平和低水平两大稳定性较强的趋同俱乐部;中国外商直接投资区位分布类型的空间转移与区域外商直接投资水平的差距密切相关,区域外商直接投资水平的差距越小,发生转移的概率越大,反之亦然;邻域外商直接投资环境明显影响外商直接投资区位分布类型的演变,地理邻近效应在低水平、中低水平区域表现明显,在中高水平、高水平区域逐渐减弱。

Taking the actual use of foreign direct investment amount as the main indicator, based on provincial spatial units, this paper applies the analyzing method with geographic concentration in- dex, Theil index and Markov chains combining tradition and space to explore and analyze the dynam- ic time-space evolution process, pattern and characteristics of foreign direct investment regional distri- bution in China＇s 30 provinces from 1985 to 2013 from the perspective of time, space and geospatial spatiality. The results show that China＇s foreign direct investment regional distribution presents a trend of transferring from highly concentration to gradual diffusion and presents two convergence clubs with stronger stability at higher level and lower level. The spatial transfer of regional distribution type of China＇s foreign direct investment is closely related to the differences of regional foreign direct invest- ment levels, the smaller the gap between the levels of regional foreign direct investment, the greater the probability of transferring, and vice versa. The neighboring foreign direct investment environment will significantly affect the evolution of regional distribution types of foreign direct investment, the geographic proximity effect is obvious at the low level and the low-medium level areas, while at the medium-high level and the high level regions it is weakened by and by.