农村社会全面市场化中的性别秩序——基于对山东Q市某乡农村集市的个案研究

Gendered Transformation:Gender Order in The Process of Rural China's Full-Scale Marketization——Based on A Case Study of Rural Fairs in City of Q,Shandong Province

集市经商自古以来便是中国农民补充家庭经济收入的重要方式。由于传统的性别分工和性别规范,传统集市基本是男性主导的场域。1978年经济改革之后的乡村集市中买主和卖主却往往都是妇女,集市变成了女性化的场域。随着市场化和城镇化的推进,集市女出现了代际更替的现象。文章通过分析山东Q市某乡三代农村集市女的不同经历,探究农村经济转型与社会性别体制之间的关系,认为农村社会全面市场化的转型利用并再生产了农村家庭的性别分工及权力结构。

Trading in rural fairs has always been an important way for Chinese farmers to supplement family income. Because of the tra- ditional gender-based division of labor and gender norms, rural fairs had always been dominated by men. But this situation has changed after the economic reform in 1978, and since then trading in rural fair has gradually become rural women＇s business. Three generations of women have grown chronologically together with urbanization and marketization. The goal of this paper is to explore the relation- ships between the economic transition in rural China and changes in gender system by analyzing the different experiences of women of different generations working in rural fairs. This paper concludes that the process of full-scale marketization in rural China to a large extent is based on the utilization and reproduction of gender order in rural families.