大遗址区人地系统脆弱性评价及影响机制——以汉长安城大遗址区为例

Vulnerability assessment and mechanism of human-land systems in the Han Dynasty Chang'an large relic area

脆弱性理论是人地关系相互作用及机理分析的重要工具,为可持续性评估研究提供了新的视角。本文以汉长安城大遗址区为例,基于脆弱性理论,采用模糊层次分析法,结合GIS空间分析技术,对遗址区的人地系统脆弱性进行评价,并探讨了其脆弱性空间分异规律与形成机制。结果表明:遗址本体脆弱性程度普遍较低,低值区趋于集中分布,高值区零星分布于保护区边缘;社会脆弱性程度普遍较高,高值区趋向于集中,呈西、北高,东、南低空间格局;遗址区人地系统弱度脆弱性区域占总面积的27.2%,低度占23.8%,中度占27.9%,高度占11.7%,极度占9.4%,其空间分布呈现出西、北高,东、南低的基本格局;城市化的冲击与胁迫是大遗址区人地系统脆弱性产生的根本原因,居民的理性行为选择是人地系统脆弱性的内在动因,遗址保护政策的外部性一定程度上影响社会脆弱性。

Theory of vulnerability is a tool to analyze interactions and mechanisms of human-land relationships and provides a new perspective on sustainability evaluation research. Here, we took the Hart Dynasty Chang＇ an large relic area as an example and based on the concept of vulnerability evaluated the vulnerability of the human-land system using Fuzzy AHP and spatial analysis technology. The results show that the degree of vulnerability of the relic area is generally low： the low degree vulnerability area is concentrated and the high degree area is scattered along the edge of the relic area. The degree of society vulnerability is generally high： the high degree vulnerability area is concentrated, and society vulnerability in the northwest area is high and low in the southeast. In the large relic area, a weak degree vulnerability area in the whole area accounts for 27.2%, low degree vulnerability area accounts for 23.8%, moderate degree vulnerability area accounts for 27.9% , high degree vulnerability area accounts for 11.7% , and extreme degree vulnerability area accounts for 9.4%. The spatial distribution pattern of the vulnerability shows that the degree of human-land system in the north and west area is high, while in the south and east is low. The impact and stress of urbanization is the fundamental cause of vulnerability of the human- land system; residents＇ rational choice is the internal agent of vulnerability of the human-land system; the externalities coming from protection policy to a certain extent affect the vulnerability of society.