血清蛋白电泳技术及其在临床实验诊断中的应用

Serum Protein Electrophoresis Technology and Aplication in Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis

在不同疾病和病程不同阶段,血清蛋白浓度和各蛋白组份的比例会发生相应改变.血清总蛋白定量和各蛋白组份的电泳分析鉴定在某些疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要价值.血清蛋白经电泳分离成6个主要区带：白蛋白、α-1、α-2、β-1、β-2和y-球蛋白.常用方法有：区带电泳;高分辨电泳;毛细管电泳;等电聚焦;双向电泳.电泳技术关键包括：电泳支持物;缓冲液和pH;电压、电流、温度和时间;固定和染色.文章比较了各方法的优缺点,认为高分辨琼脂糖凝胶电泳是当前的推荐方法,最具竞争性的是双向电泳.讨论了电泳临床应用中的质量控制,依据生物学变异提出期待的方法性能标准.临床应用正确的作法应当辅以作特种蛋白IgG,IgA和IgE分析,对肝功实验正常而球蛋白总量升高的样本应做血清蛋白电泳分析.文章提出对9种异常作出评估,还需做进一步研究.给出了健康和病理血清蛋白电泳图谱.

Serum protein concentrations and the proportions of the individual protein fractions change during a variety of diseases. Quantitation of total serum protein and its individual fractions is of value in the diagnosis. In routine diagnostic applications, serum proteins are separated into six major fractions： albumin, alpha-l, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2, and gamma globulins. Common methods： zone electrophoresis, High-resolution electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis,two-dimensional electrophoresis. Electrophoresis technology key includes supports, buffer and pH, voltage, current, temperature and time, fixed and Stain. Relative merits of various methods were compared, high resolution agarose electrophoresis is the preferred method; The most powerful technique available today for protein separation is two-dimensional electrophoresis. Quality control in apllication of clinical diagnosis was discussed. Desirable specifications as derived from biologic variation. The use of SPE is justified as an adjunct to specific protein measurements on all specimens received for IgG, IgA, and IgM analysis. It is appropriate to perform SPE on all specimens with raised total globulins but otherwise normal liver function tests. This article put forward nine abnormalities that may be assessed and may require further investigation. The SPE patterns in health and diseases are given out.