19世纪以来美国中小学体育发展历程及其启示

The course of development of school physical education in elementary and middle schools in the United States since the 19^(th) century and inspirations therefrom

分析美国中小学体育的发展历程:19世纪是美国中小学体育在欧洲模式影响下,探索自身发展道路的阶段;20世纪上半叶,新体育思潮的出现促进了中小学体育政策法规的不断完善和师资培训的蓬勃发展;20世纪下半叶至今,通过中小学体育教育质量的全面提高,增强青少年体质、保障青少年接受体育教育的平等权利、解决青少年肥胖问题是这一时期的主要课题。美国中小学体育发展过程中,不断创新理念、完善政策法规建设、加强师资培训专业化,为我国学校体育发展提供了借鉴。

Based on methods such as literature research, the authors analyzed the course of development of school physical education in elementary and middle schools in the United States: the 19th century was a stage at which school physical education in elementary and middle schools in the United States explored its own way of develop-ment as influenced by the European mode; in the first half of the 20th century, the appearance of new physical edu-cation ideas boosted the constant perfection of policies and regulations on school physical education in elementary and middle schools and the booming of teacher training; from the second half of the 20th century up to this day, en-hancing teenager fitness, ensuring teenagers’ equal right to accept physical education, solving teenager obesity problem, through the comprehensive enhancement of the quality of school physical education in elementary and middle schools, were main topics in this period. In the course of development of school physical education in ele-mentary and middle schools in the United States, constantly innovating on new conceptions, perfecting policy and regulation construction, and strengthening teacher training professionalization, provide feasible reference for the development of school physical education in China.