紫杏开花生物学特性研究

Studies on Flowering Biological Charicteristics of Armeniaca dasycarpa(Ehrh.)Borkh

以叶城紫杏为研究对象,观察开花物候期、调查花部器官发育特征并测定花粉量、花粉活力及柱头可授性。结果表明,叶城紫杏花期较供试其他杏品种晚7d,与杏品种花期不遇,与樱桃李花期相近,部分相遇。叶城紫杏单花花药数为31.6粒/蕾,花粉量较少,仅为306.8粒/花药,花粉活力低,仅有7.2%,柱头在开花前1天即具有可授性,可授性持续至开花后第4天,在开花当天至花后第1天有较强可授性。叶城紫杏与对照杏品种花期不遇,单花花药数与各杏品种间存在差异,中长花柱花比率、花粉量及花粉活力均低于对照杏品种,且柱头可授性变化强度较低,持续时间也较短。叶城紫杏和樱桃李花期相近,单花花药数较樱桃李高,花粉量却较樱桃李低,中长花柱花比率差异不大。花粉活力均低于对照杏品种,但柱头可授性变化强度及持续时间较为接近。

Taking A.dasycarpa(Ehrh.)Borkh as the research object,the booming phenophase was observed,development characteristics of floral organs were surveyed,pollen amount,pollen viability and stigma receptivity were all measured.The results showed that the florescence of A.dasycarpawere relatively late for 7days compared with experimental apricot varieties,florescence of A.dasycarpadidn't meet with apricot varieties,but closed to P.cerasifera,partial overlap.The anther number of single flower of A.dasycarpa was 31.60 per bud,pollen amount was less just 306.83 per anther,pollen viability was just7.2%,stigma receptivity began at 1day before blooming,stigma receptivity lasted from 4days after blooming,and there were stronger receptivity at the bloom day and the 1day after blooming.The florescence of A.dasycarpaand A.vulgaris Lam.were different from each other,there was difference between anther number of single flower of A.dasycarpaand other apricot varieties,ratio of middle-style and long-style flower,pollen amount and pollen activity of A.dasycarpawere all lower than A.vulgaris,and not only the change of receptivity intensity was lower than A.vulgaris,but also had a shorter duration.The florescence of A.dasycarpaand Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.was closed,anther number of single flower of A.dasycarpa were higher than P.cerasifera,but the pollen amount was lower than P.cerasifera,ratio of middle-style and long-style flower didn't have significant difference,pollen viability of A.dasycarpaand P.cerasifera were both lower than A.vulgaris.But the variation intensity of stigma receptivity and sustainable time almost have no differences between themselves.