立足生态系统完整性,改革生态环境保护管理体制:十八届三中全会“建立陆海统筹的生态系统保护修复区域联动机制”精神解读

Reform the Protection and Management System of the Ecological Environment With a View to Integrity of the Ecosystem: An Interpretation of the Essence of “Establishment of a Regional Joint Action Mechanism for Conservation and Remediation of Integrated Lan

近年来,我国生态系统保护修复取得明显成效,但是生态环境整体恶化的趋势仍未得到根本遏制。现行管理体制机制顶层设计不足,"条块分割",手段缺乏综合性,技术支撑薄弱,保障体系不完善,无法有效应对具有高度复杂性的生态系统保护修复问题。十八届三中全会提出"建立陆海统筹的生态系统保护修复区域联动机制",就是要求立足生态系统完整性,打破区域、流域和陆海界限,打破行业和生态系统要素界限,实行要素综合、职能综合和手段综合,建立与生态系统完整性相适应的生态环境保护管理体制,形成对生态系统从山顶到海洋的全要素、全过程和全方位的一体化管理,维护生态系统结构和功能的完整性以及生态系统健康。该文阐述了国外生态系统保护修复模式与经验,分析了我国生态系统保护修复现状和问题,提出了建立陆海统筹的生态系统保护修复区域联动机制的对策建议。

Despite the significant achievements China has made in conserving and remedying the ecosystems,she still has to face the fact that the deteriorating trend of the overall ecological environment has not yet been fundamentally halted. Being defective in mechanism designing at the top level,fragmented in management,incomprehensive in means,weak in technical support and imperfect in support system,the existing management system fails to meet the challenge of solving the highly complicated problems in ecosystem conservation and remediation. The Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called for establishment of a regional joint action mechanism for conservation and restoration of integrated land-sea ecosystems,which demands that with a view to integrity of the ecosystems,an appropriate eco-environment conservation and management system be established disregarding the boundaries between regions,between basins,between land sea,between industries and between ecological elements,and integrating all the elements,functions and means,so as to implement an integrated management of the ecosystem encompassing all the elements from mountain top to sea,all the processes and all the dimensions and preserve structural and functional integrity and health of the ecosystems. Modes of and experiences in conservation and remediation of ecosystems in other countries are elaborated,status quo of and problems in conservation and remediation of ecosystems in China are analyzed,and in the end some advice and suggestions for establishment of the regional joint action mechanism for conservation and remediation of the integrated land-sea ecosystems are put forth.