关于构建我国外来入侵物种环境危害防控监督管理体系的思考

Considerations of Building up a Supervision and Management System for Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species Posing Environmental Hazards in China

外来入侵物种是造成全球生物多样性丧失的主要威胁因素,我国是世界上受外来入侵物种危害最严重的国家之一。近年来,我国外来入侵物种的发生态势出现重大变化,呈现出许多新特点,但现行管理制度不健全,管理策略不完善,技术支撑薄弱,管理能力不强。要建立以环境危害防控为目标的管理体系,形成"引进—建立种群—传播扩散—发生危害"过程中的"无缝"监管,提高防控措施的技术水平和综合运用能力。研究提出了与此相适应的管理框架、管理目标、管理范围、管理对象、基本原则、主要制度和措施,初步形成了我国外来入侵物种环境危害防控监督管理体系的构建方案。

Invasive alien species are major threats to biodiversity at the global level. China is among the countries most af?fected by invasive alien species. Especially in recent years, the situation has changed greatly, displaying a number of new characteristics. In coping with the changing situation, it is found that the governance system is incomplete, management strategy imperfect, technological support inadequate and management capacity insufficient in the country. It is, therefore, essential and critical to build up an environment?hazard?control?oriented holistic governance system, a“seamless” supervi?sion network over the entire process of“introduction?population?establishment?dissimilation and proliferation?hazard forma?tion”, and a set of control measures high in technical level and comprehensive applicability. To address the issue, a holis?tic governance system is brought forth, that including framework, targets, scope, objects, fundamental principles, main institutions and measures, which tentatively form a program for building up a supervision and management system for pre?vention and control of invasive alien species posing environmental hazards.