微小RNA与人类免疫缺陷病毒1型感染:生物标记及抗病毒治疗

miRNAs and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection:biomarkers and antiviral therapy

微小RNA（miRNA）是一类非编码小RNA，长度为18-25个核苷酸，可结合mRNA的3’非翻译区，发挥着重要的转录后调控作用。miRNA涉及人类多种疾病的形成，因此迅速成为疾病诊断、预后评价的新一代生物标记及新型治疗靶点。在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）／获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）的疾病进展过程中，宿主miRNA可能通过直接干预病毒复制或免疫应答而影响宿主的临床转归。本文主要综述宿主miRNA作为HIV-1感染疾病进展预测标记和抗病毒治疗潜在靶标的研究进展。

microRNA （miRNA） is a class of small non-coding RNA with the length of 18-25 nucleotides, which plays an important role in regulating posttranscriptional level gene expression through binding to 3＇- untranslated region （IATR） of mRNA. Given its involvement in the development of various human diseases, miRNAs are emerging as a new generation biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as novel therapeutic targets. The disease progression of human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） might be modified by miRNA through the regulation of viral replication or host immune responses induced by HIV-1 infection. Here, the progresses on host miRNAs as potential biomarkers for disease progression in HIV-1 infection, as well as potential targets for antiretroviral therapy are reviewed in the present paper.