芸芥自交亲和性变异的初步研究

Preliminary Studies on the Variation in Self-compatibility among 52 Cultivars of Eruca sativa

为了判断芸芥(Eruca sativa)自交亲和性的变异情况,采用套袋自交、剥蕾自交和开放授粉3种方法,对来源于中国、伊朗和巴基斯坦的52份芸芥的自交亲和指数及相对亲和指数进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)芸芥为高度自交不亲和植物,其不同品种(系)中存在自交亲和基因;(2)芸芥不同品种间自交亲和性存在广泛的变异,品种间自交亲和指数介于0-4.98之间,品种内不同个体间自交亲和性也存在广泛的变异;(3)参试材料分为4种类型,即高自交亲和、自交亲和、自交不亲和(0<自交亲和指数<1.00)及高自交不亲和;(4)芸芥自交亲和性因生态类型而异,西南地区的材料自交亲和性最高,西北地区次之,华北地区最低。总之,芸芥为一种高度自交不亲和植物,其自交亲和性状存在广泛的变异,共有4种变异类型。

To evaluate the genetic variation in self-compatibility in different cultivars of Eruca sativa（ ＂rocket salad＂）,we used three methods of pollination bagging-self-pollination,bud-pollination and open-pollination—in field conditions and calculated the self-compatibility index and relative compatibility index of 52 cultivars of E.sativa from China,Iran and Pakistan.Results showed that（1） E.sativa is a highly self-incompatible plant,but several cultivars may have self-compatibility genes;（2） E.sativa cultivars show variation in self-compatibility;the mean compatibility index ranged from 0 to 4.98,with variation among individual plants;（3） E.sativa cultivars could be divided into 4 groups：highly self-compatible,self-compatible,self-incompatible and highly self-incompatible;and（4） the self-compatibility varied by geographical origin in the order of southwestnorthwestNorth China.