乡村教育发展过程中的乡村师范教育——以20世纪二三十年代的河北为考察中心

Rural Normal Education in the Course of Development of Rural Education——Taking Hebei During the 1920s and 1930s as the Investigation Center

近代乡村传统教育体制走向终结以及乡村新式教育发展滞后,促使了20世纪20年代乡村教育运动在江苏、山东、四川、河北等地的兴起与迅速发展,乡村教育的发展激活了乡村师范教育。1927年,陶行知先生率先创办南京晓庄试验乡村师范学校,使乡村师范教育得以在江苏迅速发展。之后,河北以保定区域为代表,各县纷纷设立乡村师范教育机构,特别是河北省立第二师范学校则转型为农村师范学校,实施了一系列发展乡村师范教育的改革措施,河北成为继江苏之后近代乡村师范教育发展的典型区域。近代乡村师范教育不仅改造了学生,改造了学校,甚至改造了农村社会,推进了近代中国乡村师范教育的近代化。

The termination of traditional rural education system and the backward development of the new rural educationg promoted the rise and development of rual education in the 1920 s in Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei Province. The development of rural education activated rural normal education. In 1927, Tao Xingzhi founded Nanjing Xiaozhuang Experimental Rural Normal School, which promoted the development of rural normal education of Jiangsu. Afterward, Baoding area as a representative of Hebei, counties set up rural normal education institutions, especially Hebei Provincial Second Normal School transformed into rural normal school, and implemented a series of reform measures to develop rural normal education. Hebei become typical region of modern rural normal education since Jiangsu.Morden rural normal education transformed students, schools and the rural society, which promoted the modernization of rural normal education.