海南岛东北部沿岸造礁石珊瑚时空分布特征

The Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Hermatypic Corals in the Coastal Waters of Northeastern Hainan Island

采用截线样条法(Line intercept transect)于2006—2013年在海南岛东北部沿岸3个区域调查造礁石珊瑚。共调查到13科32属75种,种类数量总体上存在由南向北递减的趋势,其中4种主要形态类群的种类数量在从南往北均为减少,幅度减少顺序为:叶片状>分枝状>皮壳状>团块状。造礁石珊瑚形态类群的分布具有地域差异,分布在纬度高的铜鼓岭、长圮港调查区域的类群以抗逆性较强的团块状和皮壳状珊瑚为主。2006—2010年,海南岛东北部沿岸调查区域活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率总体变化趋势是下降的,长圮港下降幅度最高;2010—2013年,3个调查区域活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率的空间分布从北往南变化趋势分别为:小幅度增长、波动、小幅度降低。该现象可能是珊瑚礁生态系统在前期受到较大的人为扰动影响而被迅速破坏,在后期由于自我调节抵御外界干扰而产生小幅度变化的结果。由于在长圮港调查区域受到河流冲刷与渔业活动等外界干扰最大,珊瑚礁生态系统遭受破坏的程度最严重,影响了造礁石珊瑚空间水平分布的异质性,外界干扰破坏了珊瑚礁生态系统演替中具有空间分带增强的特征。2006—2013年在铜鼓岭与龙湾调查区域的造礁石珊瑚生态系统呈波动与恢复状态,而长圮港调查区域的处于退化状态。

The hermatypic corals were investigated in 3 areas in the coastal waters of Northeastern Hainan Island by line intercept transect during 2006 to 2013. There were a total of 75 species, 32 gene- ra, 13 families were found. The number of the species was showed a decreased trend from south to north. And the 4 main characteristics were reduced from south to north, the descending order were leaf-shaped, branched, hull shape then lumps. The ographic differences with the species was lumps and guling and Changpi Port in the survey area. The hermatypic corals characteristics were showed a ge- hull shape distributed in the high latitudes as Tong- cover of the live hermatypic corals was showed a downward trend with the highest dropping area for Changpi Port in the survey areas in coastal waters of Northeastern Hainan Island during 2006 to 2010. The spatial distributions of live hermatypic corals in 3 survey areas were showed a overall trend as small increase, volatility, small amplitude reduce from north to south during 2010 to 2013. This result could be that the coral reef ecosystems was disturbance by the rapid destruction of large in the early anthropogenic, and against outside interference by self-reg- ulation in the late formation. The coral reef ecosystem has suffered the most serious damage, and its spatial distribution was affecting the coral reef heterogeneity, then the outside interference destroys the ecosystem succession with the enhanced spatial characteristics, due to the destroy by outside interfer- ence with the river erosion and the extent of fishing activities in Changpi Port which was the largest of the 3 areas. The coral reef ecosystems in Tongguling and Longwan were fluctuating and restoring, while the Changpi Port was in the degradation states during 2006 to 2013.