澳门儿童家庭被动吸烟状况及其影响因素

Household passive smoking and its related factors among children in Macao

目的了解澳门儿童家庭被动吸烟状况，探讨其危险因素，为儿童被动吸烟干预措施的制定提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样方法抽取澳门花地玛堂区875名6—14岁儿童家长，调查儿童家庭被动吸烟状况，采用非条件logistic回归分析方法分析影响儿童家庭被动吸烟的危险因素。结果在回收的875份有效问卷中，儿童家庭总被动吸烟率为37．0％，儿童每日被动吸烟率为28．3％，不同性别儿童被动吸烟率差异无统计学意义（χ^=0．326，P〉0．05）；父亲吸烟率高达43．7％，母亲和祖父母或外祖父母吸烟率分别为3．8％、8．3％；父亲吸烟是导致儿童家庭被动吸烟最主要的危险因素（OR=34．061，95％CI=21．819—53．173），而父亲文化程度（OR=0．606，95％CI：0．513—0．716）和母亲年龄（OR=0．973，95％CI=0．950—0．997）是父亲吸烟的保护因素，与双亲家庭相比，单亲母亲的吸烟率较高（OR=8．137，95％CI=3．209～20．637）。结论澳门儿童被动吸烟率较高，父亲吸烟是儿童家庭被动吸烟最主要的危险因素。提高父亲的文化程度和自身修养，建立良好的家庭关系有益于降低父母的吸烟率，从而有效降低儿童家庭被动吸烟率。

Objective To explore the prevalence of household passive smoking and its risk factors among children in Macao Special Administrative Region of People＇ s Republic of China （Macao） and to provide evidences for making measures for preventing the children from secondhand smoke. Methods Convenient sampling method was adopted to select 875 parents of children aged 6 to 14 years in first,third or fifth grade of 4 elementary schools and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the participants. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the risk factors of household passive smoking. Results The 875 participants reported an overall prevalence rate of 37. 0% of household passive smoking among their children and 28.3 % of the children exposed to the secondhand smoke （ SHS ） at home every day. There was no significant difference in the passive smoking prevalence between the boys and girls（χ^2 = 0. 326 ,P 〉 0. 05 ）. Among the parents surveyed, the prevalence rate of current smoking in the fathers was 43.7%, much higher than that in the mothers （3.8 % ）and in the grandparents （8. 3 % ）. Father＇s smoking was the most important risk factor of SHS exposure at home among the children（ odds ratio[ OR] = 34. 061,95% confidence interval[ 95% CI3：21. 819 - 53. 173 ） and the smoking status of a father was influenced by education level of the father（ OR = 0. 606,95% CI：0. 513 - 0. 716） and the age of the mother （ OR = 0. 973,95 % CI： 0. 950 - 0. 997 ）. Single mothers were more likely to be smokers than the mothers of two-parent family（ OR = 8. 137,95% CI = 3.209 - 20. 637 ）. Conclusion The prevalence of household passive smoking is relatively high and influenced mainly by parental smoking among the children in Macao, suggesting the control of parental smoking could decrease SHS exposure at home effectively among the children.