石家庄市居民吸烟状况及变化趋势分析

Change trend in smoking prevalence among residents in Shijiazhuang city

目的了解河北省石家庄市居民吸烟状况及其变化趋势,为制定有效的控烟措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,于2013年对石家庄市抽取的9个县(市、区)共10 201名≥15岁常住居民进行吸烟状况问卷调查,并与2008年吸烟情况比较,对其变化趋势进行分析。结果 2013年石家庄市居民现在吸烟率为19.8%,每日吸烟率为16.8%,戒烟率为29.4%,成功戒烟率为10.9%,日均吸烟量为(18.1±10.3)支,开始吸烟年龄为(19.8±5.2)岁;不同特征居民吸烟情况比较,不同性别、年龄和地区居民现在吸烟率、每日吸烟率、戒烟率不同,不同年龄和地区居民成功戒烟率、日均吸烟量不同;不同年龄开始吸烟年龄不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);石家庄市居民2013年标化现在吸烟率和标化每日吸烟率分别为20.5%和17.5%,均低于2008年的23.9%和19.0%,标化戒烟率为25.6%,高于2008年的10.6%。结论石家庄市居民吸烟行为男性多于女性,农村多于城市;2013年居民吸烟状况较2008年有所改善,但依旧严重。

Objective To study the prevalence of smoking in 2013 and its change trend between 2008 and 2013 among residents in Shijiazhuang city and to provide reliable evidences for developing tobacco control strategies. Methods Through random stratified sampling, 10 201 permanent residents ≥ 15 years old were selected from 9 districts in Shijiazhuang city and interviewed face-to-face with a questionnaire in 2013 and the change trend in the prevalence of smoking compared to in 2008 was analyzed. Results Among the residents the current smoking and everyday smoking rates were 19.8% and 16. 8% ,and the average number of cigarettes smoked was 18.1 ± 10. 3 per day for current smokers;for all the smokers the average age of initial smoking was 19. 8 ± 5.2 years and the smoking cessation and successful smoking cessation rates were 29. 4% and 10. 9%. There were differences in the rates of current smoking, everyday smoking, and smoking cessation among the residents of different gender, age, and living residence （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. The smokers at different age and living in different areas had significantly different average number of cigarettes smoked per day, initial age of smoking, and successful smoking cessation rate（ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. Both the standardized smoking rate and everyday smoking rate among the residents were lower（20. 5% vs. 23.9% and 17. 5% vs. 19. 0% ） than those from a survey conducted in 2008. Conclusion Smoking was more prevalent in the males and among rural residents than in the females and among urban residents and although the prevalence rate of smoking showed a decrease trend compared to that in 2008 but was still at a high level in Shijiazhuang city.