中文版职业安全态度量表编制及信、效度评价

Development and validity and reliability assessment of a scale of work safety attitude- Chinese version

目的 初步编制中文版职业安全态度量表,评价其信度和效度。方法 在国外安全感知和安全态度问卷基础上编制中文版职业安全态度量表,应用探索性因素分析、主成分分析、验证性因素分析和信度及效度检验方法对广东省中山市某镇区抽取的8家五金制造企业902名一线生产员工安全态度情况进行了分析,验证该量表的合理性。结果 通过探索性因素分析和主成分分析,确定中文版职业安全态度量表由对安全政策的态度、消极态度、对管理者的安全态度、对安全实践的态度和乐观态度5个因子组成,共24个条目,累积贡献率为56.44%;职业安全态度量表的Cronbach’sα系数为0.836,分半信度为0.718,该量表具有较好的信度;验证性因素分析结果显示,量表的χ^2/df=2.86,拟合优度指数（GFI）为0.940,近似误差均方根（RMSEA）为0.045,比较拟合指数（CFI）为0.939;各因子态度与量表总体态度的相关系数为0.310-0.755（均P〈0.01）,该量表的结构效度较好;5个因子态度及量表总体态度正确者与错误者得分比较,除乐观态度因子外,其他4个因子态度及量表总体态度正确者得分均低于错误者,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）,该量表具有较好的判别效度。结论 初步编制的中文版职业安全态度量表具有较好的信度和效度,可以为国内企业开展职业伤害的综合防制提供参考依据。

Objective To develop a Chinese version scale of work safety attitude and to assess its validity and reliability. Methods Based on the measure of safety climate complied by Williamson and others, a Chinese version scale of safety attitude（ 27 items ） was developed and 902 blue collar workers from 8 hardware manufacturing companies in Zhongshan municipality of Guangdong province were surveyed with the scale developed. Exploratory principal component factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, association validation, and inter-item consistency test were applied to assess the validity and reliability of the scale. Results With the results of exploratory factor and principal component analysis, the Chinese work safety attitude scale was composed of 24 items covering 5 common factors ： attitude toward safety policy, negative attitude, attitude toward manager, attitude toward safety practices, and optimistic attitude, respectively. The cumulative contribution reached to 56.435%. The total Cronbach ＇ s α coefficient （0. 836 ） and half-split Spearman-Brown coefficient （0.718 ） of the scale indicated that the work safety attitude scale had good inter-item consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the structural model of five dimensions was good, with the goodness-of-fit index （GFI） of 0. 940, comparative fit index （CFI） of 0. 939 and root mean square error of approximation （RMSEA） of 0. 045 （χ^2/df = 2. 86,P 〈 0. 01 ）. The correlation coefficients between each of the factors and the overall attitude ranged 0. 310 - 0. 755 （ P 〈 0. 01 ） and the structure of the scale showed a good validity. The surveyed participants with a right overall safety attitude judged by the scale had significantly lower total score and factor scores, except for optimism factor, compared to those with an wrong overall safety attitude（ all P 〈0. 01 ） ,indicating the scale had good discriminant validity. Conclusion The Chinese version work safety attitude scale developed has good reliability and validity and could be used in domes- tic research on control of occupational injury.