文体与形名——从作家排序之“自相矛盾”再探《文选》文体观

Genre and Form-Name: Some Reflections on the Stylistic Ideas of Selections of Refined Literature on the Basis of the Contradictions in its Arrangement of Author Order

《文选》的作家排序存在前后矛盾之处,一处甲在乙前,另一处则乙在甲前,这种"自相矛盾"的现象,较难用"成于众手,编纂仓促"等原因来解释。"自相矛盾"的失序现象,多体现了编者希望将某篇作品安排为某类文体之"首篇"的用意。《文选》对文体之"首篇"的关注,与任昉《文章缘起》对"文章始"的标举,存在值得关注的联系。《文章缘起》对"文章始"的认识,弱化了对文体"六经之源"的推重,淡化了挚虞、刘勰文体观的形名学内涵,对魏晋以来的文体思想传统有很大变化。《文选》在神髓上接近《文章缘起》,突破了《文心雕龙》所代表性的传统文体观的束缚,又调整了任昉新的文体观的繁琐,因此其文体观获得持久的生命力。

There existed contradictions in the arrangement of author order in Xiao Tong ＇s （萧统） Selections of Refined Literature （《文选》）. It was not caused by a hasty and messy compilation, but by the intention to arrange the ＂first piece of classic work＂ for a genre . We should pay attention to the relationship between Xiao Tong＇ s concern for the first piece of classic work for a genre in his Selections of Refined Literature, and Ren Fang＇ s （ 任昉 ） arrangement of the first piece of classic work for a genre in his On the First Piece of Classic Work for Various Genres （《文章缘起》）. Ren Fang＇ s arrangement thought lowly of the idea that the Six Classics （《六经》） were the origin of various genres, and laid less emphasis on the connotation of the physical-nominal doctrine reflected in Zhi Yu＇ s （ 挚虞 ） and Liu Xie＇ s （ 刘勰 ） stylistic view, thus bringing about great changes in the tradition of stylistic thinking after the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Xiao Tong＇ s Selections of Refined Literature was in essence close to Ren Fang＇ s On the First Piece of Classic Work for Various Genres, broke through the control of the traditional stylistic view represented by Liu Xie＇ s The Literary Mind, and the Carving of Dragons （《文心雕龙》）, and adjusted the complicity of Ren Fang＇s new stylistic view. This is an important reason why the stylistic ideas of Xiao Tong＇ s Selections of Refined Literature made such significant influence in history.