试论汪伪政权对中等教育的“整顿”

How the Wang Jingwei Puppet National Government in Nanjing“Rectified”Secondary Education

抗战时期,汪精卫在南京成立伪国民政府,并开始采取各种措施,恢复和整顿教育事业。汪伪政权在沿袭战前国民政府教育体制的基础上,通过调整教育方针、整顿教育行政、整合多种教育形式等,在中等教育界建立起一套组织形态,目的是加强中等学校思想控制。汪伪确立了"和平反共建国"的教育方针,并通过强制规定教育内容、加强教育行政组织控制以及利用多种教育形式予以贯彻实施。如此对中等教育"整顿"自然是为维护其政权合法性服务的,在某些方面具有法西斯教育的特征。一方面,政权的依附性决定了汪伪教育必然会代替行使日本的意志和利益。另一方面,在力所能及的范围内,汪伪政府也为维护教育的民族化进行了一定的抗争。但总的来说,汪伪政权在沦陷区实施的中等教育实效性有限,其"整顿"教育的努力随着日本的失败而告终。

During the Anti-Japanese War,Wang Jingwei who set up the puppet national government in Nanjing,began to take various measures to restore and rectify the education. The puppet regime continued the pre-war education system of the national government and established a set of organizational form in order to strengthen the ideological control of middle school through adjusting the educational policy and educational administration,integrating a variety of forms of education. Wang made an educational policy of ＂peaceful,anti-Communist and founding a state ＂,and carried it out through the compulsory education content,the control of educational administrative organization and the integration of various forms of education. The purpose of ＂rectifying ＂the secondary education was to maintain the legitimacy of the government,with characteristics of fascist education in some aspects. The regime was dependent that meant the education would represent the will and interests of Japan. On the other hand,the puppet government fought for the nationalization of education in its power range. The effect of secondary education that implemented in the occupied areas was poor,and the attempt to shake up education ended with the defeat of Japan.