论农民工的市民化与歧视消除——基于2005~2010年人口普查上海市样本的对比研究

Citizenship and Discrimination Against Migrating Peasants:Evidence from the 2005- 2010 Census Data of Shanghai

中国要推进新型城镇化,并在未来若干年内实现1亿农业人口的市民化,首先面临的一个重大问题是逐步消除农民工在城市劳动力市场上所遭受的歧视,但现有文献对于农民工歧视的研究非常少。基于对城市二元劳动力市场的观察和分析,本文提出三个农民工歧视的理论假说,并利用2005~2010年人口普查上海市样本进行了实证检验,结果发现：第一,农民工进入一级市场的就业歧视上升;第二,农民工进入资本密集型行业的就业歧视降低。然后,本文从生产技术变迁和劳动力市场转变的角度对上述结果给出了解释。本文的研究有助于解释城市劳动力市场上农民工与城镇工人的工资差距和农民工歧视的决定机制以及它的变迁趋势。

Based on the observation of Chinese urban labor market,this paper proposes two hypotheses on the discrimination against migrant workers on urban labor market of China. Using the 2005- 2010 census samples of Shanghai,it generates two conclusions. First,from 2005 to 2010,employment discrimination on primary labor market increases significantly. Second, from 2005 to 2010, employment discrimination in capital-intensive industries decreases significantly. From the angle of production technology progress and transition of labor market,we provide explanations for these results. This paper can help explain why wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers on urban labor market increases in recent years and help understand the mechanism of discrimination against migrant workers.