重新发现政府:政治哲学的人学考察

Rediscovery of Government:Humanology Study of Political Philosophy

自然权利理论、人性假设逻辑和有限理性理念,共同构成政治哲学的人学基础。自然权利理论奠基于个人权利至上、权利让渡和有限政府三大递进原则,最终证成了"以权力制衡权力"和"以权利制约权力"的祛恶路径。基于人性善恶二重性在公共权力上的增殖发用,我们获得了政治哲学之道德判断基础;但无论哪种道德基础,其单向度发酵的政治哲学和政治实践,都是不自足和不完善的。对人类认知能力和智性范围的断限,创制出与无限理性理论和全能政府实践截然相反的有限理性认识论与有限政府运作模式。无论如何,在现实条件与现有框架下述论政治合法性问题乃至推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的伟大实践,必须以满足最广大人民群众的根本利益为最基本法度标尺。

The theory of natural rights,logic of assumption about human nature,and idea of bounded rationality constitute the humanological foundation of political philosophy.Based on the three progressive principles of supremacy of individual rights,rights alienation and bounded government,natural rights have developed a path to dispel evil by using rights to balance and restrict power.From the multiplication of the duality of good and evil of human nature,the foundation of moral judgment of political philosophy is gained,and whichever it might be,the one-dimensional political philosophy and political practice are neither self-sufficient nor perfect.Epistemology of bounded rationality and operation mode of bounded government,opposed to theories of unbounded rationality and omnipotent government,are created based on the limit of human cognitive competence and intelligence scope.In any case,the legal standard to meet the fundamental interests of mass people should be adopted when we discuss the political legitimacy and how to promote state governance system and modernization of governance capacity under the present conditions and framework.