四川省猪源沙门氏菌及耐药性变迁调查

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella from Pig in Sichuan Province

为了解四川地区近几年猪源沙门氏菌的耐药性变迁情况,本研究于2009—2014年间采集了四川省主要猪养殖场的肛拭子样本2660份,分离鉴定获得沙门氏菌151株,总分离率为5.68%,占主导的血清型为德尔卑沙门氏菌(60.26%)。采用微量肉汤稀释法测定分离菌株对13种抗菌药物的敏感性。药敏结果显示,沙门氏菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、大观霉素、四环素、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明和恩诺沙星7种药物的耐药率最高,分别为94.7%、92.7%、93.4%、95.4%、91.4%、90.1%和86.8%,对头孢噻呋和多粘菌素E相对敏感。分析猪源沙门氏菌对不同抗菌药物的耐药性随年份的变迁情况,结果表明:2009—2014年猪源沙门氏菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、大观霉素、四环素、磺胺异噁唑和复方新诺明6种药物的耐药率维持较高的平稳动态趋势,对头孢噻呋、庆大霉素、多西环素、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星和多粘菌素E这7种药物的耐药率呈上升趋势,尤其对头孢噻呋、多西环素、氟苯尼考和氧氟沙星的耐药率上升显著。6年间多重耐药菌株比例维持在较高水平(>60%)。研究表明,四川地区猪源沙门氏菌的耐药情况十分严重,亟需加强养殖业抗菌药物的合理应用以控制耐药性发展。

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella from pig in Sichuan province. A total of 2660 samples were collected from the anus of pig in the pig farms in Sichuan during 2009 to2014. Totally,151 Salmonella strains were isolated. The results showed that the isolation rate was 5. 68% and the dominant serotype was Derby（ 60. 26%）. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella against 13 antimicrobials was performed using microdilution method. The highest resistance rate was observed in ampicillin（ 94. 7%）,amoxycillin / clavulanic acid（ 92. 7%）,spectinomycin（ 93. 4%）,tetracycline（ 95. 4%）,sulfagan（ 91. 4%）,trimethoprim and sulphame-thoxazole（ 90. 1%）,enrofloxacin（ 86. 8%）,while ceftiofur and polymyxin E were the most susceptible antimicrobials,followed by the other 4 antimicrobials. The frequency of resistance showed a high trend during 2009 to 2014 including ampicillin,amoxycillin / clavulanic acid,spectinomycin,tetracyclin,sulfagan,trimethoprim and sulphame-thoxazole,and showed a rising trend including ceftiofur,gentamicin,doxycycline,florfenicol,enrofloxacin,ofloxacin,polymyxin E,espeshially ceftiofur,doxycycline,florfenico and ofloxacin kept fastly rising trend. Besides,the multidrug-resistance strains reached a high level of more than 60% during 2009 to 2014. In conclusion,the results indicated that the drug-resistance of Salmonella strains was serious in Sichuan during 2009 to 2014. It was urgent that the domestic industry reasonably applied the antimicrobial drugs to control the development of antimicrobial resistance.