试论司法裁判中经验法则和逻辑规则的运用

Application of Law of Experience and Logic Rule in Judicial Adjudication

由于法官没有亲临案件的发生,因此,只能依靠当事人提供的证据来认定案件事实。经验法则与逻辑规则是架构证据与案件事实的重要渠道。法官对证据进行深入细致的审查,全面地分析判断证据之后,可运用经验法则厘清证据的真伪,从而达到合理地进行事实认定,证据的证明性则应由逻辑方法来解决。逻辑规则与经验法则在法律适用中相互补充,法官在运用经验法则进行认证时,切不可只注重经验而忽视逻辑的作用。审判人员审核证据时既要运用逻辑推理,又要依据日常生活经验来对案件所有证据进行全面而客观的考量,力求查清案件事实的真相,从而更好地实现法律的公平正义。

Without witnessing the process of cases, a judge can merely determine case facts with the help of litigants＇ statement and evidence. The law of experience and the logic rule are important channels accessible to evidence and case facts. After conducting an in-depth examination of the evidence, the judge makes comprehensive analyses and applies the law of experience to distinguish the true evidence from the false one, thereby achieving a reasonable factfinding. The probativeness of evidence should be solved by logical method. As the law of experience and the logic rule complement each other in the law application, a judge should never pay great attention to the experience but ignore the role of logic when applying the law of experience to identify evidence. Judges must use logical reasoning and everyday experience to examine all evidence comprehensively and objectively, trying to ascertain the case facts and realizing legal equity and justice.