论城市社区治理的专业化道路

On the Professional Approach of Community Governance

较之乡村治理,中国城市当局很早就已经创造了一套以人身控制为主要内容的准军事化治理技术,并在历史演进中逐渐发展。建国以后,城市社区治理方法经历了经验方法到行政方法的过渡,目前仍然以行政方法为主。社会结构的变化和国家治理理念的转变,使得缺乏弹性的行政方法已经无法有效实现社区治理和居民自治使命。从居民需要结构和特点出发,当代城市社区治理需要走向精细化、理性化为特征的专业化道路。治理技术的普遍引入,不但可以推动城市社区治理水平的提高,而且可以改变国家与社会的互动方式和社会程度。

Compared with rural governance,the Chinese urban authorities have created a set of military technologies to manage communities with the main content of which is human body control.After the founding of the PRC,the urban community management method has experienced the transition from the experience method to the administrative method.With the change of social structure and the transformation of the concept of national governance,the administrative method cannot effectively realize community governance and the mission of residents＂autonomy for its lack of flexibility.The constraint of the administrative method of community governance is difficult to adapt to the development of the country and society.From the angle of residents＂needs,the contemporary urban community governance needs a professional approach which is more fine and rational.The general introduction of governance technology can not only promote the improvement of the level of community governance,but also change the mode and degree of the interaction between the state and society.