当代西方心灵哲学中的心理内容研究

Researches on Mental Content in Contemporary Western Philosophy of Mind

在西方哲学史上,亚里士多德、布伦塔诺、罗素等人都曾对心理内容问题予以关注和思考。当代心理内容研究是传统意向性研究的深化和拓展,并已成为探索心灵世界的一个专门领域。虽然当代心理内容研究的流派众多且争论不断,但学者们仍有着诸多共同的研究旨趣,如对命题角色问题、内容自然化问题等的关注,由此而形成了三大研究传统:分析传统、现象学传统和马克思主义传统。究其实质,心理内容是主体心灵指向对象的方式,它体现了心灵把握世界的特有能力,主要在四个维度上被呈现出来,即语言维度上的心理内容(指语言表达主体所理解或把握的语句或语词的意义)、逻辑维度上的心理内容(指用来呈现语句意义的命题)、现象学维度上的心理内容(指经验内容)和表征维度上的心理内容(指心灵中对象被表征的方式)。

The notion of mental content has its origin from the human inquiry of their own minds＇ puzzle.Many philosophers Aristotle,Kant,Brentano,Frege,Russell,etc.）considered the content problem from different viewpoints.Researches on mental content are deepened and further developed from the traditional work on intentionality,and have been a special field of exploring the world of mind.There are many different schools of mental content problems,and the role-playing of proposition has been concerned,more and more debates on these,which gradually form the three research traditions：the analytical,the phenomenological and the Marxist.Mental content is the way that the object is presented by the mind,and shows the characteristic aspects that the mental states have,and the mind＇ s particular capacity to grasp the world,which takes on four dimensions from language,logic,phenomenology and representation.