朱光潜诗学及其意义的再认识

On Zhu Guangqian's Poetics

朱光潜诗学对中国新诗建构的意义一直没有得到应有的重视。朱光潜认为新诗的问题:一是修辞未能"立其诚",二是形式与技巧方面的功夫下得不够,新诗过于信任"自然流露",虽然诗人"确是有话要说",却不注意诗的"说话"方式,"没有说好"。新诗与古典诗歌的不同,是视野、感觉方式和想象方式的差异等更为内在的问题。朱光潜的《诗论》深入考察了构成诗歌"宇宙"的基本元素及其相互关系,抓住语言这一关键因素,梳理诗歌与其他文学类型的区别,并从其音与义关系的历史演变中总结诗歌发展的规律,为我们构建了一个较完整的诗学体系。这个诗歌体系,不仅具有理论的自洽性,而且有相当的历史感,其中西汇通的研究方法和开阔的历史视野,堪称诗学研究的一个典范。朱光潜的诗学超越了"局内人"的视野,从学理上回应了中国新诗变革中许多迫切需要澄清的问题。

Zhu Guangqian thinks that,there are two questions existing in the new poetry：one is that,its rhetoric fails to be＂honesty ＂;the second is that its form and skills are not good enough because of new poetry＇ s favoring enough ＂natural revelation＂.Although the poet＂does have something to say ＂,he doesn＇ t pay attention to the way of＂speaking＂ in poems.The difference between classical poetry and new poetry lies in some inner aspects such as vision,the way of feeling and the way of imagining.Zhu Guangqian＇ s Poetics builds a complete system of poetics,in which it further investigates the basic elements of poetry and their mutual relationships,finding out the difference between the new poetry and other types of literature based on language,and summarizing the rules for developing poetry from the historical evolution of the relationship between the pronunciation and meaning of texts.