一种新型立式机床结构改进方案

Structural Improvement Scheme of a New Vertical Machine Tool

普通立式机床和龙门机床中,床身水平放置,床身上设置工作台,可沿床身导轨转动或移动,床身左右设置立柱,横梁和交叉导轨设置在立柱上方,刀架或者加工主轴放置在横梁上。现有结构存在以下问题:刀架偏置使切削受力不合理,容易出现横梁大的形变影响加工精度;热平衡缺陷,加工过程中由于刀具切削发热,主轴电机热量无法对称扩散,造成横梁、立柱受热不均匀变形,影响加工精度。文中提出一种新型立式机床结构,采用对称设置,在不增加机床结构尺寸前提下,保证热平衡,极大减少机床加工过程中受热结构变形,提高加工精度,具有一定的推广价值。

In the vertical machine and the gantry machine,the machining accuracy will be allected by large delormation of the beam. The beam and column deformation are often caused by biased turret,unreasonable cutting force,tool cutting heat,and asymmetric diffusion process of spindle motor,and thermal equilibrium defects. This paper introduces a new vertical machine structure in which the symmetrical structure is applied. The size of the machine slrueture is not increased, and the machine structure thermal equilibrium is ensured. The machining process heat deformation is greatly reduced,and processing accuracy is improved. The design method has some promotional value.