不同信号通路及其相关基因在结直肠癌发生和发展中的作用

The roles of different signaling pathways and their related genes in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer

结直肠癌（CRC）是一类在全世界范围内人类高发恶性肿瘤，严重危害着人类的健康。因其发病机制尚未完全阐明，给临床诊断和治疗造成了严重的困难，最终导致CRC治愈率不够理想，病死率也逐年上升。随着分子遗传学和分子生物学技术的发展，许多信号通路和相关基因及其功能被发现，使更加深入研究CRC的发病机制成为可能。从正常结直肠上皮细胞到CRC细胞的演变是多步骤复杂的过程，也是多种基因和信号通路共同作用的结果。目前认为Wnt、TGF-β、PI3K／Akt、MAPK及p53信号通路与结直肠癌变关系密切。文章以这5种信号通路为主线，对各信号通路及相关基因在CRC发生、发展中的作用以及与CRC发病机制的关系等进行综述和总结。

Colorectal cancer is a kind of malignancies with high incidence in the worldwide, that is seriously harmed human health. So far the pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood, this causing many difficulties to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and resulting in the cure rates of disease is not ideal. With the development of molecular genetics and molecular biology, many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been found to be associated with the disease, and this made it is possible to reveal the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer at the molecular level. However, it is a complex and multi-step process from normal colorectal epithelial cells transformed to colorectal cancer cells, and it is the results of polygenic and multifactorial interactions. Now it is thought that the Wnt, TGF-beta, PI3K/Akt, MAPK and p53 signaling pathways are closely associated with pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Based on the five kinds of signaling pathways as the main line, this article reviewed the roles of different signaling pathways and their related genes in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.