恶性肿瘤患者外泌体检测的研究进展

Research Progress in the Detection of Extracellular Vesicles in Patients with Malignancy

外泌体(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是由各类细胞(尤其是肿瘤细胞)释放的一种磷脂双层封闭的球形颗粒。EVs往往含有受体、生物活性脂类物质、蛋白和重要遗传物质如mRNA、miRNAs及片段化DNA等组分,在肿瘤的发生发展中起着重要的作用,特别是有携带肿瘤遗传信息、调节肿瘤微环境、促进肿瘤血管生成等效应。根据其生物学特征,EVs能在体液中被检测到,但其分离及检测技术有待进一步改善。近年来许多研究表明检测体液中EVs水平及其所含的miRNAs和DNA可以反映肿瘤进展和治疗预后,其可作为一种新的肿瘤标志物,在临床诊疗中有较好的应用前景。

Extracellular vesicles（EVs）,a kind of spherical particles enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer,is released by various cells（especially cancer cells）. EVs often contains the receptors,bioactive lipids,proteins and the nucleic acids such as mRNA,miRNAs and DNA fragments,which play important roles in carcinogensis,especially in carrying the genetic information of cancer,adapting cancer microenvironment,enhancing angiogenesis of cancer. Considering its features,EVs can be detected in body fluid,but the techniques of isolation and detection need to be updated. Recently,EVs attracts more and more attentions. The increasing number of data showed that the detection of EVs is useful for monitoring development and prognosis of malignancy,EVs therefore might be a novel biomarker,which has a potential application in clinical diagnosis and therapy for malignancies.