关于性骚扰的女性主义理论与行动——美国女性主义的实践

Feminist Theory and Action about Sexual Harassment——Practice of Feminism in the US

在美国反性骚扰的立法进程中,女性主义理论家多方开展女性主义运动,希望通过命名性骚扰概念及其界定其性质的活动,将性骚扰政治化,为此,她们积极建立妇女组织开展维权活动,推进了公众对性骚扰的观念意识形态的理解和转变,成功地将反性骚扰的一些基本概念、理论和政策纳入到美国主流的意识形态,成为美国司法制度和政治正确性的组成部分,促进了反性骚扰立法的司法进程。与此同时,女性主义的不同流派还对性骚扰的性质、起因和对策的差异性进行了深入的思考与争辩,尤其是,激进的女性主义流派把性骚扰的本质从道德引向社会和性别不平等,直至发展成为美国社会的一整套反性骚扰的法律和规章制度,其对社会的影响可以说波及了整个世界。

It＇s not hard to find that theorists of feminism in the US have carried out many feminist activities during the legislative process on anti-sexual harassment in the US. They tried to give a definition of sexual harassment, defined the nature of these actions and politicalized sexual harassment through establishing women＇s organizations and launching campaigns for rights protection. They played a role in enhancing understanding of the ideas and ideology about sexual harassment, leading to the mental changes toward sexual harassment, successfully including basic concepts, theories and polices which are parts of the judicial system and political correctness into the mainstream ideology in the US, and promoting the judicial process on the legislation of anti-sexual harassment. At the same time,different schools of feminism have pended over and argued about the differences of the nature, reasons and counter-measures relating to the sexual harassment. In particular radical feminism changed morality, the sexual harassment＇s nature into social and gender inequalities and helped develop a set of laws and regulations on anti-harassment. Their influence has reached the whole Europe and the US.