贵州雷山县农村小学布局与乡村文化传承关系的田野观察

Field Observation of the Relationship between Rural Primary School Distribution and Rural Culture Transmission in Leishan of Guizhou

通过对贵州省雷山县农村小学师生及村民的问卷调查和走访,对撤点并校前后农村小学布局与乡村文化的传承关系进行了初步的观察和分析。认为在居住分散度大的乡村,农村小学接近村落的布局有利于乡村文化传承,村校一体使乡村文化的传承有效而稳定,村民的文化自觉意识更强;而远离村庄的学校造成了村校时空的疏离和教育者及教学内容与乡村文化的疏离,导致师生的乡村文化价值感滑落。失去了乡村文化内生的传播环境,乡土教育处于多样化却不可持续的状态。

By using the field visit and questionnaire investigation for villagers, students and teachers of rural primary schools in Leishan County, Guizhou Province, the paper takes an preliminary observation and analysis for the nexus between the distribution of primary schools and transmission of rural culture, before and after decentralized rural primary schools were merged. It is suggested that in disperse rural villages where rural primary school is near to village, the integration between school and village not only provides a favorable environment for the transmission of rural culture, but a more effective and stable process of transmission as well. Villagers are also more aware of their own culture. Rural primary schools which are far away from village, however, are found to cause the alienation between school and village spatio - temporally, as well as the alienation between rural culture and educators/curriculum. It also causes students and teachers to lose a sense of pride for rural culture. Without an endogenous transmission of rural culture, community education is positioning at diverse but unsustainable status.