中国杂交水稻发展面临的挑战与策略

Challenges and Strategies of Hybrid Rice Development in China

杂交水稻的推广应用为中国粮食安全作出了重大贡献,但近年来随着农业规模化、机械化的迅速发展,杂交水稻生产受到巨大冲击,种植面积减少,且有进一步下降的趋势。分析认为,阻碍中国杂交水稻发展的主要因素有:杂交水稻原有的产量优势、种子价格优势和育秧技术优势正在消失或不复存在,杂交水稻的某些主要性状不适应现代农业生产的要求,种田大户需求变化对杂交水稻提出了更高要求。针对这些问题,提出了相应的解决策略,一是通过培育超高异交结实率的不育系,筛选最佳制种基地和时段进行全程机械化制种,大幅度提高杂交稻制种产量和质量,把杂交稻种子生产成本降低50%;二是政府部门、种子企业和科技人员要各司其职,在推进作物生产方式转型的同时,着力解决杂交水稻生产中存在的问题,确保杂交水稻可持续发展。

The popularization and application of hybrid rice has contributed immensely to the food security of China,however,some severe challenges have been rising to the production of hybrid rice with the unprecedented development of agricultural scale and mechanization in recent years,resulting in a decrease and keeping a further downward trend in planting area of hybrid rice. By analysis,the authors argued that three principal factors impeded the development of hybrid rice in China. Firstly,the original advantages of hybrid rice in yield,seed price and seedling raising have been weakened or even disappeared. Secondly,some important characteristics of existing hybrid rice varieties do not adapt to the development of modern agricultural production. Thirdly,higher requirements have been raised by the large crop growers on hybrid rice. To address these issues,the authors put forward the strategies for further development of hybrid rice in China. The first is to greatly increase the yield of hybrid rice seed with high quality and decrease hybrid seed production cost by 50% through breeding male sterile lines with a super-high outcrossing rate,selecting optimal place and period and employing whole-process mechanization for hybrid rice seed production. The second is to promote the transformation of crop production models and solve the problems in hybrid rice production for a sustainable development of hybrid rice by making a full play of respective functions of the governmental departments,seed enterprises and the sci-tech personnel.