“(在)……上/下”引申用法的认知理据

Cognitive Motivation of Extension Usage about “On” and “Under”

"(在)……上"与"(在)……下"引申用法的语义类型具有不对称性。"(在)……上"至少可表示方面、范围、时间、程度等四种不同语义。"(在)……下"主要表示条件义,但"在+NP+下"与"在+VP+下"的语义特征又有差别。"(在)……上"与"(在)……下"引申用法的语义不对称性源于方位词"上""下"认知图式的不对称,其语义类型也可基于方位词"上""下"的认知图式找到相应的认知理据。

The semantic types of extended uses about “on” and“under” have asymmetry .“on” at least has four different se-mantics：aspect, scope, time, degree, etc.The main expression of “under” is conditional meaning , but“under” has different se-mantic features ：under ＋NP （ nominal phrase ） , under ＋VP（ verbal phrase ） .The asymmetric semantics between “on” ＆”un-der” from the asymmetric cognitive schema of localizer—“up”＆“down”, and based on these two localizer ’ s cognitive schema , their semantic types can also find the corresponding cognitive motivations .