太田痣及诊疗进展

Progression of Diagnosis and Treatment on Nevus of Ota

太田痣是发生于巩膜及同侧三叉神经眼、上颌支分布区域的灰色或蓝色斑片,被认为是黑素细胞从神经嵴向真表皮交界处迁移过程中受阻而停滞在真皮所致。组织病理表现为真皮上部或/和网状真皮散在树突状或梭形黑素细胞,并可见黑素颗粒。临床上通常需要与伊藤痣、蒙古斑和获得性太田痣等相鉴别。大多数太田痣患者可以应用Q开关短脉宽激光(红宝石激光、紫翠玉宝石激光和Nd:YAG激光)成功治疗,而近年来出现的皮秒激光给少数治疗处于"平台期"的患者带来新的希望。

Nevus of Ota usually presents in childhood or at adolescence as unilateral （ Occasion- ally,bilateral） mottled brown or blue-gray pigmented macules in areas innervated by the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve. It is believed that nevus of Ota represents a failed migration of melanocytes from the neural crest to the demoepidermal junction and subsequent arrest within the dermis. Histopathology show that pigmented,elongated,dendritic melanocytes scattered in the upper or/and reticular dennis. Occasionally, melanin granules are found among the collagen bundles. The differential diagnosis of nevus of Ota and related conditions includes nevus of lto, Mongolian spot and acquired nevus of Ota-like maeules （Hori＇s nevus）. Nevus of Ota have been treated successfully by Q-switched ruby,alexandrite and Nd：YAG lasers,and some recalcitrant lesions can be treated with significant improvement by picosecond laser according newly reports.