2004—2014年石家庄地区无偿献血人群的分布特点及变化趋势分析

Analysis of distribution of blood donors in Shijiazhuang area and varied trend from 2004 to 2014

目的分析石家庄地区2004—2014年无偿献血人群的性别、职业、年龄和文化程度的分布特点及变化趋势，为有针对性地制定科学合理的无偿献血者招募策略，保证充足血液供应提供参考依据。方法采用唐山启奥软件信息管理系统收集2004—2014年于河北省血液中心献血的石家庄地区无偿献血者为研究对象。采用SPSS统计软件对无偿献血人群的性别、职业、年龄和文化程度分布及变化趋势进行分析。结果①2004—2014年石家庄地区无偿献血人群共计1355476例次，呈逐年增加趋势。无偿献血者中，男性所占比例（63．38％）明显高于女性（36．62％）。无偿献血者职业分布特点显示，自由职业者所占比例最高（29．66％），其次为学生（19．79％），干部所占比例最低（9．26％）；年龄分布特点：18～30岁人群所占比例最高（57．29％）；〉45岁者所占比例最低（9．57％）；文化程度分布特点：大学及以上文化程度者所占比例最高（39．12％），初中及以下人群所占比例最低（24．14％）。②2004—2014年，石家庄地区无偿献血者中男性所占比例呈上升趋势，而女性则相反，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。对受试者从事职业的调查结果显示，学生、干部和工人所占比例呈下降趋势，而农民所占比例却呈上升趋势，差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．01），职员所占比例呈先升高后降低的趋势，自由职业者所占比例呈先升高再降低再升高的波动变化。年龄〉30-45岁和〉45岁人群所占比例呈升高趋势，而18～30岁人群所占比例却呈下降趋势，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。对受试者受教育程度调查结果显示，初中及以下文化程度者所占比例呈升高趋势，大学及以上文化程度者所占比例却呈下降趋势，差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．01），高中（含中专）文化程度者所占比例为33．86％～39．52％。结论石家庄地区无偿献血人群的性别、职业、年龄和文化程度分布，有其自身的特点，所占比例也在发生变化。应根据无偿献血人群的特征，有针对性地制定无偿献血知识宣传策略，建立一支稳定的无偿献血者队伍，保障充足的血液供应。

Objective To analyze the distribution of voluntary blood donors in Shijiazhuang area and varied trend from 2004 to 2014, thus providing reference basis for establishing scientific and reasonable donor recruitment measures to ensure adequate blood supply. Methods From 2004 to 2014, the data of voluntary blood donors in Hebei Blood Center were chose as study objects which were collected through SHINOW information management system of Tangshan. The gender, engaged in occupation, age and education level distribution of voluntary blood donors and varied trend of donation proportion from 2004 to 2014 were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results （DThere were 1 355 476 voluntary blood donors in Shijiazhuang area from 2004 to 2014, the number of voluntary blood donors increased year by year. The proportion of male voluntary blood donors （63. 38%） was significantly higher than that of female （36.62%）. In occupation distribution analysis, the donation proportion of freelancers was highest （29.66%）, followed by student （19.79%）, the donation proportion of cadres was lowest （9.26~）. In age distribution analysis, the donation proportion of aged 18 to 30 years was highest （57.29 %）, the donation proportion of over 45 years old was lowest （9.57%）. In education level analysis, the donation proportion of college education level or above was highest （39. 12%）, while the donation proportion of junior middle school education level or below was lowest （24. 14%）. QDuring the period of 2004 to 2014 years, the proportion of male voluntary blood donors showed an upward trend, but reverse in female, and both the differences were significantly different （P〈0.01）. The donation proportion of students, cadres and workers also decreased, but the donation proportion of peasant increased from 2004 to 2014, and both the differefiees were significantly different （P〈0.01）. The donation proportion of staff increased first and then decreased, and the donation proportion of freelancers increased first and then decreased and then increased again, the donation proportion had obvious volatility. The donation proportion of aged 30 to 45 and over 45 years old showed an increasing trend, but that of aged 18 to 30 gradually decreased, and both the differences were significantly different （P〈0.01）. The donation proportion of junior middle school education level or below showed an increasing trend, but that of college education level or above showed an decreasing trend, and both the differences were significantly different （P〈0. 01）, while the donation proportion of high school （including technical secondary school） education level varied from 33.86% to 39.52%. Conclusions The distribution of voluntary blood donors in Shijiazhuang area, such as gender, profession, age and education level, has its own distribution characteristics. The donation proportion of voluntary blood donors from different population shows great volatility, so we should strengthen the blood donation propaganda to different population according their different characteristics, in order to establish a stable team of voluntary blood donors and ensure enough blood supply.