基于雨洪调蓄的城市新区湿地保护规划——以重庆两江新区为例

Wetland protection planning of new urban district based on rainwater storage——taking Liangjiang New Districtof Chong qing as an example

快速城市化背景下,城市的河道、湖泊、水库、塘堰、水田等湿地面积急剧减少,湿地雨洪调蓄能力减弱,城市弹性降低,城市安全受到威胁。以重庆两江新区为例,根据湿地发育条件,选取地形坡度、土壤类型、地表径流等7项指标为湿地保护的主要影响因子,构建湿地适宜性评价层次结构模型,得到研究区湿地空间适宜性分布格局,即湿地保护重要性梯度空间分布。通过构建SWAT模型,根据5年一遇、50年一遇降雨地表径流差值得到研究区4%的设计湿地率底线及空间分布,与现状湿地叠加耦合,得到需要保护的湿地范围,对湿地保护及编制雨洪管理规划具有指导意义。

Under the background of rapid urbanization, the areas of river, lake, reservoir, ponds, paddy fields and other wetland have been decreasing. The ability of rainwater storage has been diminishing. Flexible of the city is decreasing,and the city safety is threatened. Taking Liangjiang New District of Chongqing as an example, according to the wetland development conditions, the main factors which are affecting the protection of wetland are selected as topographic slope,agrotype, surface runoff and so on. Suitability distribution pattern of wetland, in other words, the importance of the gradient of wetland protection is realized by constructing wetland suitability evaluation hierarchy model. The design of wetland rate 4% which is theoretical is bringing about by SWAT model and 5 years, 50 years of rainfall runoff difference. The theoretical space overlain the status of the real wetland, the range of wetland which is needed to be protected is coming out. This study is useful. It provides theoretical guidance for wetland protection and storm water management planning.