原发性高血压相关性危险因素的临床回顾性分析

Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors in the Primary Hypertension

目的：探讨原发性高血压发病的多危险因素与临床特征的相关性,以期为原发性高血压的防治提供临床上的指导。方法：本研究共选取1 560例健康体检人员作为研究对象,回顾性分析有关高血压病的危险因子与高血压发生的关联性,原发性高血压诊断标准参照2010最新中国高血压指南,采用χ2检验分析不同变量之间的关联。结果：高血压患病率随年龄增加而增加。高血压患者的平均年龄为（51.6±12.2）岁,正常血压者（40.7±11.2）岁（P〈0.01）。40岁以下高血压患病率11.42%,40-60岁高血压患病率为23.36%,60岁以上为31.43%（P〈0.01）。有高血压家族史的研究对象中高血压患病率为86.49%,无高血压家族史仅6.94%（P〈0.01）。糖尿病、肥胖、高脂血症、不良生活方式均是高血压发生的高危因素（P〈0.01）,吸烟和饮酒也是高血压发生的积极贡献因素（P〈0.05）。性别与高血压发生没有关系（P=0.211）。结论：高血压患病率随年龄增加而增加,家族史是高血压的一个独立危险因素,糖尿病、肥胖、高脂血症、不良生活方式、吸烟和饮酒均是高血压发生的危险因素。

Objective To observe the relationship between clinical traits and risk factors in respect to primary hypertension and the risk factors and to provide clinical guidance for the prevention of primary hypertension. Methods In this study,1560 persons were selected as the research objects. Retrospective analysis of risk factors in the primary hypertension were made. Hypertension was diagnosed according to 2010 China Guidelines of Hypertension Diagnosis. Correlation analysis was performed by x2 test for the different variables. Results The prevalence of hypertension increased with age. The average age of patients with hypertension was 51. 6 ± 12. 2 years while that of normal blood pressure is 40. 7 ± 11. 2 years（ P〈0. 01）.The prevalence of hypertension was 11. 42% under 40 years,and 23. 36% between 40 and 60 years old,and 31. 43% above60 years old（ P〈0. 01）,respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 86. 49% in population following a family history of hypertension,only 6. 94% without its family history（ P〈0. 01）. Diabetes,obesity,hyperlipidemia and bad life style are the major risk factors for hypertension（ P〈0. 01）. And smoking and drinking were obviously connected with hypertension hypertension（ P〈0. 05）. However,gender and hypertension did not show significant relationship in respect of the prevalence of hypertension（ P = 0. 211）. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension increased significantly with age. The family history could be considered as an independent risk factor for hypertension. Diabetes,obesity,hyperlipidemia,bad life style,smoking and drinking were the high risk factors of hypertension.