1[1]Mathew Winston, "Humor Noir and Black Humor," in Harry Levin ed., Veins of Humor, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1972, as cited in Don L. F. Nilsen, Humor Scholarship: A Research Bibliography, London: Greenwood Press, 1993, p. 80.
2[5][6][16][21]Joseph Heller, Catch-22, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994, p.75. , p. 356, p.256, p. 52.
3[7][11]David Seed, The Fiction of Joseph Heller: Against the Grain, New York: St. Martin's Press Seed, 1989, p. 64, p. 45.
4[8]MS Letter, 13 Jan. 1969. as cited in Seed, p. 62.
5[9]Terry Heller, "Notes on Technique in Black Humor," in Alan R. Pratt ed., Black Humor: Critical Essays, New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1993, p. 201.
6[10]Ken Barnard, 'Interview with Joseph Heller,' Casebook, pp. 297-8, as cited in Seed, p. 48.
7[13]Mathew Winston, "Black Humor: To Weep with Laughing," as in Pratt ed., p. 263.
