非常规油气类型及成因

Classification and origination of unconventional hydrocarbon

非常规油气藏在能源战略部署中的地位日益加重,勘探思维和开发利用技术是未来非常规油气勘探面临的重要挑战。综合国内外对非常规油气的定义和分布特征研究表明,非常规油气资源往往与常规油气资源共生,具备分布面积广、资源巨大,资源利用前景广阔的特点,同时也具有储集空间致密、矿体粘度大、开发难度大和开采成本高的不利条件。非常规油气藏根据源储配套关系、聚集方式、相态特征、储层类型和成因等分为多种类型,但无论何种分类方式,这些非常规油气与有机质存在着密切的关系,只不过随着有机质排烃、运移、成藏和后期改造而呈现出不同的类型。总体来说非常规油气藏主要有9种类型,其成藏的主要因素包括:优质的源岩、相匹配的有机质成熟度、有效的储集空间和良好的保存条件。科学的非常规油气藏分类和成因条件研究,将有效的促进其勘探开发。

The strategic position of unconventional hydrocarbon becomes more and more important. The challenges which we faced are exploration experience and exploitation technology. Combined the unconventional hydrocarbon deifnitions and their distribution, it relfects conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon are always associated with each other. The advantage characteristics of unconventional hydrocarbon are wide dispread, huge amount of resources and broad prospects of resources utilization. However, the compact reservoir space, high viscosity, the dififculty in the development and high cost are disadvantage features of unconventional hydrocarbon. Based on the relationship of hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir, accumulation pattern, phase state, the types of reservoirs and origination, the unconventional hydrocarbon can be divided into several types. Despite various types existed, the unconventional hydrocarbon has close relationship with organic matter. Along with expulsion, migration, accumulation and later reformation of hydrocarbon, the unconventional hydrocarbon shows different types. In general, there are nine types of unconventional hydrocarbon in the basins. The accumulation factors are including high quality hydrocarbon source rock, the corresponding maturity, the effective reservoir space and good preservation conditions. The scientiifc classiifcation and origination research of unconventional hydrocarbon would promote their Exploration and development.