慈善救助及其工具性与价值性的研讨

On “Charity” and Its “Rationality,Duty-bound Nature,Fairness and Justice” in Social Relief

社会救助的本源是"慈善之心"。而"合理、应当、公平、正义"的问题是操作的工具或操作过程中体现的基于工具上的价值性问题。近年来,社会救助中的工具性及价值性的问题讨论,超过了对慈善本源性问题的关注,成为人们对救助问题支持与否的首要观念及理论依据。文章尝试从现象、责权、价值、方法四个角度讨论社会救助中的慈善与"合理、应当、公平、正义"的关系问题,认为社会救助作为实践伦理行动,应当是情感与理性的结合,即救助体制或行动方案的设定,要尽可能实现"慈善"的本源性和"合理、应当、公平、正义"的工具性及价值性的完美结合。

Social relief is originated from ＂charitable hearts＂ and the matter of ＂rationality, dutybound nature, fairness and justice＂ is an operation tool and a valuable matter which is displayed in the course of operation. In the recent years, the discussion of the matter of tool and value relating to social relief has gone beyond the concern of its original matter of charity, which has become the major concept and the theoretical ground in whether we should support social relief or not. This essay attempts to discuss the matter of ＂rationality, dutybound nature, fairness and justice＂ from the four respects of phenomenon, duty authority, value and method in social relief and holds that social relief as a practical ethical action should be a combination between emotion and ration, namely, the enactment of the system and action plan of social relief should try to realize its perfect combination among the origin of ＂charity＂, tool and value of ＂rationality, duty - bound nature, fairness and justice＂.