运动干预和运动-认知干预对大学生压力应对及心理承受力的影响

Effects of Exercise Intervention and Exercise-Cognition Intervention on Stress Coping and Psychological Capability of College Students

目的:探索提高大学生的压力应对能力和面对压力时的心理承受力的有效措施,以期缓解大学生承受的压力和促进身心健康。方法:以体育锻炼及体育锻炼结合认知干预两种不同干预方式,对压力应对和心理承受力水平较低的大学生进行为期12周的实验干预。选取大学生压力量表、压力应对量表、心理承受力量表,对1000名大学生进行调查,筛选在压力应对和心理承受力得分较低40名的大学生,分别作为两种干预方式的实验组。结果:实验后实验组在所有维度上的得分都有不同程度的提高,并高于对照组得分(在消极应对方式上有所降低),并且运动-认知干预组普遍比运动干预组提高的幅度稍大;实验后运动干预组与运动-认知干预组、实验组与对照组的差异均达到显著水平。结论:运动干预和运动-认知干预都能提高大学生的压力应对能力和面对压力时的心理承受力,并且后者干预效果更好。

The objectives of this research was to explore the effective measures which could improve the coping ability and the psy- chological capability of facing stress of the college students, alleviating their stress and helping them develop healthily both in body and in mind. Exercise intervention and exercise-cognition intervention were applied on the college students with low capacity of stress coping and psychological capability for a period of 12 weeks. The college students＇ stress scale, stress-coping scale, and psychological capability scale were distributed to 1000 college students. 40 students scored the lowest were selected and monitored by exercise intervention and by exercise-cognition intervention （Experimental Group）. Other students were monitored as Control Group. It revealed that the Experimental Group improved in all dimensions and scored higher than that of the Control Group. It was shown that both interventions could improve the coping ability of college students and the psychological capacity of facing stress. Exercise-cognition intervention had better effect than exercise intervention.