法院职权证据调查制度在民事案件中的适用

On the Application of the System of the Evidence Investigation of the Function and the Power of the Court in Civil Cases

法院职权证据调查,是指法院根据案件的具体情况依据职权视审理必要而收集证据、调查案件事实的制度。民事诉讼以保护私权和解决民事争议为根本,应当采行辩论主义彰显当事人的诉讼主体地位,限制法院的职权发挥。但是,对于非讼案件、公益诉讼案件、家事案件、涉及可能损害国家利益、社会公共利益的案件以及当事人有恶意串通损害他人合法权益可能的案件,应当采行职权探知主义的法理,由法院依据职权承担收集证据和发现案件真实的职责。此外,对于一般民事案件,在审理必要的情形下,应当采行修正辩论主义的法理,由法院依据职权发布调查收集证据的命令或者直接采取证据调查的措施以发现案件真实。

The evidence investigation of the function and power of the court refers to the system of ensuring the necessi- ty of trials according to the function and power in view of the specifics of the cases and collecting evidences and in- vestigating the truth of cases.Civil actions should reflect the lawsuit dominant position of the parties and limit the abuses of function and power of the court based on protection of private rights and resolution of civil disputes.However,for non-litigation cases,lawsuits of public welfare,family lawsults,eases that might hurt the state interests,social public in- terests,and cases in which the concerning parties maliciously collude with each other to hurt others＇ legal interests,legal principles of the judge＇s authority of inquiry should be adopted,and the duty of collecting evidences and discovering the truth of cases should be born by the court according to its function and power.Besides,for general civil cases,the legal principles of amending the adversary systems should be adopted if there is necessity for trials.And the court should give orders to collect evidences according to its function and power or just directly adopt measures of evidence-investigation to find the truth of eases.