我国增强在北极地区实质性存在的实现路径研究

The Research of Realized Path to Enhance China's Substantive Presence in the Arctic

北极地区除北极沿岸国的主权区域和管辖权区域外,绝大部分地区属于公海区域,为人类共同继承财产,其应该按照《联合国海洋法公约》的规定实行全球治理,而非由北极国家共治。作为区域性政府间国际组织的北极理事会缺少国际法基础,我国不应将加入北极理事会作为参与北极事务的成就,更不应将北极理事会作为参与北极事务的重要平台。联合国国际海底管理局是符合国际法要求的合法组织,北极地区的治理适用于《联合国海洋法公约》的区域制度,而不是某几个国家或组织制定的区域性条约或规章。我国应在增强北极地区实质性目标的基础上,按照《联合国海洋法公约》的规定调整参与北极事务的工作思路,依托符合国际法的国际组织实现对北极的治理,同时加强对北极地区区域性国际制度和理论的研究,倡导全球共治北极。

With sovereignty and jurisdiction over the area belong to the Arctic coastal States of the Arctic region removed, the vast majority belongs to the high seas and the common heritage of mankind. It should be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the UNCLOS by global governance, rather than by the Arctic countries together. As a regional intergovernmental organization Arctic Council lacks basis of interna- tional law. China should not take joining the Arctic Council as the achievements of joining in Arctic mat- ters, and should not take the Arctic Council as an important platform to deal with Arctic affairs. Interna- tional Seabed Amhority is a legitimate organization in line with the requirements of international law. Arctic governance regime applies to of the ＂area＂ in UNCLOS, instead of regional treaties or regulations by a few countries or organizations. On the basis of enhancing the clear substantive goals on the Arctic, China should be involved in the Arctic work to develop ideas in accordance with the provisions of the UNCLOS. Relying on the organization compliance with international law to achieve Arctic governance, China need to strength- en the study about regional and international institutions and theoretical of the Arctic and advocate Arctic governance by global countries.