新菠萝灰粉蚧生物学特性与发生规律的研究

Biological Characteristics and Occurrence Regularity of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes(Beardsliy)

[目的]明确新菠萝灰粉蚧的生物学特性及发生规律.[方法]通过室内外盆栽和苗圃及大田跟踪观察研究新菠萝灰粉蚧的生物学特性,研究气候因子、剑麻龄期及长势、立地环境、剑麻品种、天敌等对其发生危害的影响.[结果]据鉴定,新菠萝灰粉蚧是外来物种,整年在田间为害,对剑麻威胁大.该虫体长为0.8～3.0 mm,卵形而稍扁平,若虫触角及足发达、活泼;成虫披白色蜡粉,其触角退化,行走缓慢.孤雌生殖,世代重叠,27～34 d一世代,每雌虫繁殖倍数为36 ～ 85倍,平均55倍;高温致死温度为48℃,低温致死温度约为3℃.传播途径为种苗、风、雨、蚂蚁及自身爬行迁移.剑麻生长旺盛、叶色浓绿,粉蚧危害严重;低温干旱有利于其暴发蔓延,大雨、暴雨对其有较大杀伤力,但其隐蔽空间较大,可避过灾害.48％乐斯本600倍稀释液等扑杀有特效;主要天敌为草蛉;利用控氮增钾和生物多样性进行防治有较好防效.[结论]为生产中新菠萝灰粉蚧的防治提供了参考.

[ Objective] The aim was to understand biological characteristics and occurrence regularity of D. neobrevipes. [ Method ] Biological characteristics D. neobrevipes were studied through indoor and outdoor potted experiments as well as observation in nursery and field. Effects of climatic factors, age and growth vigor of sisal hemp, site condition, sisal hemp varieties and natural enemy on the occurrence and damage of D. neobrevipes were studied. [ Result] According to identification, D. neobrevipes belonged to alien species, damaged in field in the whole year, and could damage sisal hemp seriously. The body length of D. neobrevipes was 0.8 - 3.0 mm, egg shape and slightly flat ; nymph had developed antenna and foot; adult was covered with white waxy powder, had degenerated antenna. D. neobrevipes belonged to female partheno- genesis, and had overlapping generations, 27 -34 days per generation; the propagation coefficiency per female was 36 -85, averagely 55. The high killed temperature was 48 ℃, and the low killed temperature was about 3℃. D. neobrevipes was spread through seedling, wind, rain, ants and crawling. When sisal hemp grew well, D. neobrevipes damaged seriously. Low temperature and dry weather were helpful for oc- currence and development of D. neobrevipes, and heavy rain and rainstorm could kill D. neobrevipes well. The 600 times of 48% Lesiben EC liquid had good effect on D. neobrevipes. The main natural enemy was lacewing. Increasing K fertilizer and controlling N fertilizer and biodi- versity had good control effects on D. neobrevipes. [ Conclusion] The results provide reference for control of D. neobrevipes in production.